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Imagine taking a two—dimensional sheet of carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal pattern that looks like a honeycomb and rolling it into a cylinder with a diameter of a nm. That’s a carbon nanotube. It’s an incredible material: it has 400 times the mechanical tensile strength of steel at one sixth of steel’s density, and it has better thermal conductivity than a diamond. There are nearly endless uses for a material like that, which is why engineers are trying to figure out how to produce it cheaply.